Meningococcal disease 14 meningococcal disease is an acute, potentially severe illness caused by the bacterium. Dec 20, 2018 vaccinepreventable disease surveillance in california, 2017 persons using assistive technology may not be able to fully access all of the data tables in this report. Since the introduction of routine meningococcal immunization, the rates of meningitis in children have steadily declined since 2011, there has been a dramatic decline in serogroup c disease. Meningitis is the most common presentation of invasive. Meningococcal meningitis and sepsis early and appropriate antibiotic treatment markedly improves the outcome of meningococcal infections. Vaccinepreventable diseases are those diseases for which there is a shot that helps the immune system prepare for an infection. Meningococcal vaccinations texas department of state. Iritis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, pericarditis, and polyserositis are less common manifestations of postinfectious inflammatory syndrome.
The current mortality rate of meningococcal sepsis in the united states is approximately 10 to 14 percent. Only a doctor can diagnose meningococcal infection. The global meningococcal initiative gmi was established in 2009 and comprises an international team of scientists, clinicians, and public health officials with expertise in meningococcal disease. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccinepreventable diseases the pink book.
Meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis 2015 case definition. Approximately 40% of people with meningococcal disease present with meningococcal sepsis, known as meningococcemia. Vaccinepreventable disease surveillance in california, 2017 persons using assistive technology may not be able to fully access all of the data tables in this report. In meningococcal meningitis this is caused by the bacteria invading the cerebrospinal fluid and circulating through the central nervous system. Vaccinepreventable disease surveillance in california, 2017. Meningitis is a disease caused by inflammation and irritation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Pinkbook hib epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases cdc.
Pinkbook rotavirus epidemiology of vaccine preventable. The th edition epidemiology and prevention of vaccinepreventable diseases, a. Meningococcal infections, including meningococcemias, caused. Written by the top experts in the field and edited by the committee on infectious diseases of the american academy of. Pink book session 8 centers for disease control and. To promptly identify clusters or outbreaks of disease and initiate appropriate prevention and control measures. This program is a designated event for pharmacists to receive 0. Meningococcal infections, including meningococcemias.
Meningococcal disease usually presents clinically as meningitis about 50% of cases, bacteremia 38% of cases, or bacteremic pneumonia 9% of cases. The information contained on this web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website the centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. Illness believed to be meningococcal disease was first reported in the 16th century. This resource allows you to order cdc immunization publications by. Meningococcal disease is a bacterial infection caused by neisseria meningitidis. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc have released a 2017 digital supplement to the th edition of epidemiology and prevention of vaccinepreventable diseases, also known as the pink book. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels division of health informatics and surveillance dhis. Centers for disease control and prevention national center for immunization and respiratory diseases photographs and images included in this presentation are licensed solely for cdcncird online and presentation use. In 1973, bishop and colleagues observed a virus particle in the intestinal tissue of children with diarrhea by using electron micrography. The incubation period of meningococcal disease is 3 to 4 days, with a range of 2 to 10 days. Meningococcal vaccine information for healthcare professionals on the cdc website. Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis also termed meningococcus.
Meningococcal vaccine information for the public faqs on the cdc website. Report of the committee on infectious diseases, 30th edition. Outbreak of meningitis causing health officials to. The first definitive description of the disease was by vieusseux in switzerland in 1805. Including meningitis, meningococcemia, and other invasive infections. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website. Menbfhbp trumenba, manufactured by pfizer, was licensed by the fda in october 2014. Meningococcal disease information for health care professionals. Each dose consists of 50 mcg of each of the four purified bacterial capsular polysaccharides.
It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccinepreventable. A person develops immunity after he or she has received a vaccine and responded to it. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances. For 2017 updates to human papillomavirus, meningococcal disease. Meningococcemia occurs without meningitis in 5% 20% of invasive meningococcal infections. Control of thcommunicable diseases manual, 20 edition. While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can also result in sepsis, which is an even more damaging and dangerous condition. Symptoms of septicemia include fever, fatigue, vomiting, severe aches or pain, rapid breathing, diarrhea, cold chills, and in the later stages, a dark purple rash on the legs and arms. The primary site of infection is the respiratory epithelium of the nasopharynx. Centers for disease control and prevention national center for immunization and respiratory diseases photographs and images included in this presentation are licensed solely for cdc ncird online and presentation use. Meningococcal septicemia bloodstream infection is the second most common type of meningococcal infection 40 percent of cases.
Meningococcal sepsis bloodstream infection or meningococcemia occurs without meningitis in 5% to 20% of invasive meningococcal infections. The supplement reflects the latest acip recommendations since the latest publication of the pink. The current quadrivalent a, c, w, y polysaccharide vaccine menomune, sanofi pasteur was licensed in 1981. Less common manifestations of meningococcal infection include conjunctivitis, septic arthritis, and chronic meningococcemia. Ask the experts about meningococcal b vaccine cdc experts. The red book is the preeminent resource on pediatric infectious disease. By jean oconnor, jd, drph, deputy state public health director, oregon about a week and a half ago, the oregon public health division learned about a child with hemolyticuremic syndrome hus, this sounds complicated but its essentially kidney failure brought on by an infection of the digestive system. Pure polysaccharide vaccines are available for three diseases. Meningococcal disease serogroup b meningococcal vaccine p237 after 1st complete paragraph two recombinant serogroup b meningococcal menb vaccines are licensed in the united states.
There are three types of invasive meningococcal disease. If you or your patients will be traveling outside the united states, visit cdcs travel vaccine web page at nc. Common symptoms of meningococcal disease include high fever, neck stiffness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, andor petechial or purpuric rash. This condition is characterized by abrupt onset of fever and a petechial or purpuric rash, often associated with hypotension, shock, acute adrenal hemorrhage, and multiorgan failure. We will be discussing meningococcal disease and meningococcal vaccine which is chapter 14 in your pink book.
Meningococcal disease control guidelines control guidelines. Oct 26, 2017 meningococcal disease is an infection caused by a strain of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal disease is a serious, potentially fatal illness caused by bacteria. Meningococcal disease generally occurs 110 days after exposure and presents as meningitis in. Invasive infections can be complicated by arthritis, myocarditis, pericarditis, and endophthalmitis. Invasive meningococcal disease is caused by a bacteria called neisseria meningitidis and typically manifests as a blood infection, meningitis, or both. Meningeal infection is similar to other forms of acute purulent meningitis, with sudden onset of fever, headache, and stiff neck, often accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia eye sensitivity to light. This time last year public health officials were grappling with a meningitis outbreak linked to fungus found in tainted medication now officials are trying to rein in a different outbreak of meningitis, more specifically meningococcal disease, popping up on a college campus, including princeton university. The centers for disease control and prevention is accredited by the accreditation council for pharmacy education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education. The universal activity number is 0387000019098h06p.
Kansas department of health and environment investigation guidelines version 052018 meningococcal infections, page 3 epidemiology neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other serious infections worldwide with a rate for endemic disease of 0. Jun 11, 2018 distributed via the cdc health alert network. Review of 63 cases with emphasis on recognition and management of the severely ill patient. Apr 08, 2020 meningococci are a type of bacteria that cause serious infections. Meningococci can also cause other problems, including a serious bloodstream infection called sepsis. What are other potential signs and symptoms of meningococcal. Cdc yellow book 2020 by centers for disease control and prevention cdc, 9780190928933, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. In this video commentary i would like to discuss meningococcal disease. It can lead to meningitis infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord and infections of the blood.
Meningococcal disease is rare but potentially deadly for people your age you are at increased risk from your midtolate teens into your early 20s disease can come. Immunology and vaccinepreventable diseases pink book. A pure polysaccharide vaccine for haemophilus influenzae type b hib is no longer available in the united states. Meningococcal disease is a serious and potentially lifethreatening infection caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. Immunization news new york state department of health. Now in its 31st edition, it provides the most uptodate information on a wide variety of infectious diseases that physicians encounter in children. Meningococci can also cause other problems, including a serious bloodstream infection called sepsis meningococcal infections can spread from person to person. Accessible versions of tables are available on the immunization branch disease info and reports webpage. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. Invasive meningococcal disease is a severe infection caused by a bacterium called neisseria meningitidis.
Meningococcal disease is an acute potentially severe illness. Neisseria meningitidis is a type of bacteria that can cause serious, life threatening infections such as meningococcemia and meningitis these infections are often spread through. Meningococcal infections can spread from person to. Meningitis and meningococcemia are major causes of illness, death, and. Course summary centers for disease control and prevention. Center for disease control and preventions cdc meningococcal vaccine chapter within the pink book. When a vaccinated person is exposed to a virus for example, hepatitis b or bacteria for example, diphtheria, his or her body is able to destroy the virus or bacteria and prevent. The most common infection is meningitis, which is an inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcal disease california department of public health. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by sudden onset of headache, fever, and stiffness of the neck, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or altered mental status. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine preventable diseases.
A selflimiting postinfectious inflammatory syndrome occurs in fewer than 10% of cases 4 or more days after onset of meningococcal infection and most commonly presents as fever and arthritis or vasculitis. About 12 in 10 survivors will have longterm disabilities, such as loss of limbs, deafness, nervous system problems, or brain damage. Meningococcal disease is an acute potentially severe illness caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. Meningitis is infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord and is the most common clinical manifestation of invasive hib disease, accounting for. Prevention of meningococcal disease american family.
Guide to surveillance, investigation, and reporting iowa dept. Screening for susceptibility to hepatitis b or rubella. Jun 25, 2019 cdc yellow book 2020 by centers for disease control and prevention cdc, 9780190928933, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Until the early 1970s, a bacterial, viral, or parasitic etiology of diarrheal disease in children could be detected in fewer than 30% of cases. Preventable meningitis meningococcal disease washington. Im pleased to speak with you today as part of the cdc expert video commentary series on medscape. Treatment of meningococcal infection pubmed central pmc. Meningococcal disease is an infection caused by a strain of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccinepreventable diseases. The decision to screen potential vaccine recipients for susceptibility to hepatitis b virus hbv is an economic one, because vaccinating hbv carriers or.
Meningococcal disease is rare but potentially deadly for people your age you are at increased risk from your midtolate teens into your early 20s disease can come on suddenly, without warning, and can quickly become. Meningococcal disease is a serious illness caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Wc2645 live ce for the live event expires september 9, 2019. Pinkbook principles of vaccination epidemiology of. Factors in the prognosis of meningococcal infection. Table of contents 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Pinkbook measles epidemiology of vaccine preventable. Meningococcal disease among united states military service members in relation to routine uses of vaccines with different serogroupspecific. Prevention of vaccine preventable diseases pink book. The first meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine mpsv4 was licensed in the united states in 1974. Haemophilus influenzae is a cause of bacterial infections that are often severe, particularly among infants. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis sspe is a rare degenerative central nervous system disease believed to be due to persistent measles virus infection of the. This bacteria is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis in children 2 to 18 in the u.
Two to three days after invasion and replication in the respiratory epithelium and regional lymph nodes, a primary viremia occurs with subsequent infection of the reticuloendothelial system. About 12 in 10 survivors will have longterm disabilities, such as loss of limbs, deafness, nervous system problems, or. Meningococcal infections red book 2015 red book online. During an outbreak of influenza he found the bacteria in sputum of patients and proposed a causal association between this bacterium and the clinical syndrome known as influenza. Meningococcal meningitis is a form of bacterial meningitis. Common symptoms of meningococcal disease include high fever, neck stiffnes.
Symptoms may include sudden onset of fever, headache, rash, limb pain, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, photophobia eyes being more sensitive to light, and altered mental status confusion. No rightsare implied or extended for use in printing or any use by other cdc cios or any external audiences. Meningococcal infection can lead to serious complications. Manual for the surveillance of vaccinepreventable diseases. It is important to stay current on new vaccines and recommendations. The disease is spread through air droplets and direct contact with infected. Mmwr morbidity and mortality weekly report from march 22, 20. Meningococci are a type of bacteria that cause serious infections. Serogroups a, b, c, w5, and y cause almost all cases of human disease. Which contacts of patients with meningococcal disease carry the pathogenic strain of neisseria. Diarrheal disease has been recognized in humans since antiquity.